In this educationally driven world, through our school and college life, we have studied several subjects. From mathematics to biology, from accountancy to business studies, from geography to political science. In every stream, there were quite a decent amount of subjects. During the passage of school life, we all were fascinated about studying five subjects in social studies, one such subject in that lot was disaster management. I believe you would have heard of this subject and some might even have studied it. But we to forget it’s important, it has always been treated as neglected subject.

Before getting similar with the concept of disaster management, let’s first enlighten us with the idea of disasters. Here, we’ll just talk about natural disasters.

Definition of Natural Disasters

As defined by Wikipedia, A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the earth, like floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, Tsunamis and other geologic processes. The adverseness of such an event depends highly on the number of vulnerable population.
The definition clears depicts the adverseness of these horrible events. They cause to have the huge amount of property loss as well as loss of life.

Types of Disasters

There are several types of disasters. Some are stated below with examples.

1. Geological Disasters

The disasters occurred due to some mishap geographically. It includes calamities like avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, sinkholes etc.

2. Hydrological Disasters

It is a violent, sudden and destructive change in either quality of earth’s water or in distribution or movement of water on land below the surface or in the atmosphere. It includes Tsunamis, floods, limnic eruptions etc.

3. Meteorological Disasters

These disasters involve extreme weather conditions, especially weather-forming process. It includes Blizzards, cyclonic storms, droughts, thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornadoes, Heat waves etc.

4. Health Disasters

The occurrence of some disease suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal expectancy.  This includes epidemics, etc.

5. Space Disasters

   the name says it all, a mishap during or at space research. It includes impact events or airburst, solar flare etc.

Effects

A natural disaster affects everything in the region it occurs. The flora and fauna, the habitat, the birds, the people living in the piece of land are severely affected. The people lose their properties, home, occupation what not. The misery to lose their ones can’t be stated in words. The government faces a huge task to transport people safely from affected to a safer one. The region is affected economically as well. The effects and consequences of a disaster can’t be explained subjectively. Below stated are few outcomes of some really horrible devastation.

1. During World War I, an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 soldiers died as a result of avalanches during the mountain campaign in The Alps.
2. The 1953 Tangiwai disaster was caused by a lahar, as was the 1985 Armero Tragedy in which the town of Armero was buried and an estimated 23,000 people were killed.
3. Well-known historical droughts include the 1997-2009 millennium drought in Australia led to a water supply crisis across much of the country.

Several more examples can be stated, and are available on the internet to astonish you.

How to be safe?

Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular, preparedness, response, and recovery in order to lessen the disasters’ impact.
There are many ways and institutions which prepare their enrolled members how to protect themselves at the time of disaster.
But few basic tips which can help at the time of such outrage.

1. If you have not been ordered to evacuate, stay in a safe area or shelter during a natural disaster.
2. Listen to your portable radio for important updates and instructions from the local or central authorities.
3. Always keep a survival kit in your house/
4. If power is lost, use a generator but with caution.
5. Stay in your safe area and don’t panic.

Several institutions and awareness programs have been initiated by the government of the same purpose.

Problem of Poverty : Meaning, Types, Causes, Control Measure, Effects

Problem of Poverty Essay, Speech : Even after 70 years of Independence, poverty remains the most serious problem that India faces. India still has the world’s largest number of poor people dwelling on its land. Of its population of more than 12 billion, an estimated 444 million are below poverty line, out of which 61% dwell in rural areas of the country.Most of them are daily workers, landless labourers and self-employed householders.

Meaning of Poverty

There are several ways of defining poverty. Poverty is maybe defined as lack of minimum food and shelter which is necessary for maintaining life.The word ‘Poverty’ also means the state of being destitute. It is a situation where people’s basic needs such as food, clothes, and shelter are not being met. It is a state or condition of having little or no money, goods or any means of support. When family lacks these basic amenities, it is considered poor. Some define poverty as a condition of chronic insufficiency. Further, it is a condition in which a person is not able to lead a life according to the desirable standard of society.

Poverty is related to richness. It’s only when people feel resentment at their lot as compared with that of others that they feel the sting of poverty. They regard themselves as poor when they feel deprived of what others enjoy and possess. It is then that poverty becomes the social problem and its deeply rooted wound that permeates every dimension of culture and society. It includes a lack of access to services like education, markets, health care, lack of decision-making ability, and lack of communal facilities like water, sanitation, roads, electricity, transportation, and communications. Furthermore, it is a “poverty of spirit, ” that allows members of that community to believe in and share despair, hopelessness, apathy, and timidity. Poverty, especially the factors that contribute to it, is a social problem, and its solution is social.

A major percentage of our population is illiterate, tribal and scheduled castes particularly being affected in large numbers.Today one in every three persons living in abject poverty all over the world is an Indian.Poverty is a situation, which gives rise to the discrepancy between what one has and what one should have.Berstein Henry identifies a few dimensions of poverty such as lack of livelihood strategies, inaccessibility to resources like money, land or credit, feeling of insecurity or frustration and inability to maintain and develop social relations due to lack of resources.The three things that are usually used to define the concept of poverty are-the amount of money required by a person to sustain, the life below a minimum subsistence level and the living standard prevalent at the time, and the comparative state of well-being of a few and the deprivation of the majority in the society.The first two concepts refer to economic dimensions of poverty whereas the last one to its social needs.

In terms of gratification the basic physiological needs, poverty is measured in terms of an imaginary ‘poverty line’. The poverty line servers as a cut-off line for separating poor from not-poor, given the size distribution of population by per capita consumer expenditure classes. Population with per capita consumer expenditure levels below the level defined by poverty line is counted as poor.Poverty is the most serious problem of the rural people in India. Vast majority of our villagers live below poverty line. According to experts, 30% of rural people all over the world are poverty stricken. In India it is much more.

Types of Poverty

There are two types of poverty, namely. (i) Abject Poverty and (ii) Relative Poverty.

Abject Poverty

It is a condition in which a person has nothing to eat, wear or no proper housing.

Relative Poverty

It means that as compared with other particular society, a person is lacking certain things. For Example, poverty in the United States (as different from India) may mean that a person is not having many cars or TV sets as others in that society are having.

Causes of Problem of Poverty

Poverty is an exceptional complicated social phenomenon and trying to discover its causes is equally complicated.In this culture of poverty, which passes from one generation to the another generation -the poor feel negative, inferior, passive, hopeless and powerless.

The major cause of this poverty is not the low rate of economic growth.In fact, statistics reveals that economic prosperity has indeed been very impressive in but it is the distribution of wealth that has been uneven and has caused the problem of poverty.Another major cause of poverty is illiteracy along with unbridled population growth.The population explosion has in fact nullified the effect of economic progress made by the country in past half century. The main causes of poverty are illiteracy and the lopsided economic development of the country. Illiteracy gives rise to the problem of overpopulation and unemployment which in turn aggravates the vicious cycle of poverty.The uneducated masses in turn fail to contribute profitably to the economic growth of the country.Apart from this, landlessness, sickness, illiteracy and ignorance, extravagance, unhealthy habits, natural calamities, unemployment and underemployment, overpopulation, lack of supporting industries is also the cause of poverty.

India’s growth rate has been around 7-8% but the growth and development has failed to reach to the grass root level.Eradication of poverty can only be a very long-term goal in India.Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle-down effect of the growing middle class.Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs, empowerment of women and economically weaker session of society, are also expected to contribute to the alleviation of poverty.Presence of massive parallel economy in the form of black (hidden)money stashed in overseas tax heavens and underutilisation of foreign aid have also contributed to the slow pace of poverty alleviation in India.

Role of Government in Eradicating Poverty Problem

The government of India has been trying its best to remove poverty.Government of India has introduced many schemes from time to time.Some of the measures which the government has taken to remove rural poverty are Small Farmers Development Programme, Draught Prone Area Development Program, Training for Self-Employment, Integrated Rural Development Program(IRDP), Minimum Needs Program, National Rural Employment Program , Digital India Program, Make in India Program.Apart from these, the government has also taken initiative to implement various programs like Jawahar Rozgar Yojna, Nehru Rozgar Yojna, Self-Employment to Educated unemployment Youth, Small and cottage Industry, Development of Organised Sector, Employment Exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme, Development of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Employment Assurance Scheme, Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna (PMRY), Prime Minster’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program (PMIUPP), Self-Employment Program, The Swaran Jayanti Rozgar Yojana, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna, Urban Basic Services for the poor Program and National Social Assistance Program.

The number of poverty is expected to reduce to 20.3% or 268 million people by the year 2020.But poverty still remains gasping at the nation.This is due to the fact that despite the efforts of government, the benefits of these policies have failed to reach to the poorest of the poor and downtrodden.This may be due to corruption, illiteracy, population explosion etc. All these problems are somewhere or the other inter-related.Failure in one automatically leads to failure of another.

Factors Responsible for Poverty

(1) Incapacity of the individual

(2) Unfavourable physical conditions

(3) Misdistribution of wealth

(4) Backwardness of Agriculture

Effects of Poverty

The effects of poverty are serious.It can be felt at every level of society — from the individual living in poverty to the political leader attempting to provide solutions. Whether it is health conditions or increased crime rates, poverty reaches just about every aspect of life. Those children who grow up in poverty suffer the most persistent, frequent, and sever health problems than those children who grow up under better financial circumstances.Many infants who are born in poverty have a low birth weight, which is followed by many preventable mental and physical disabilities.There are also infants who even die before their first birthday.Children raised in poverty tend to miss School more often because of illness.These children are likely to have impaired vision and hearing than normal, iron deficiency and higher than normal levels of lead in the blood, which can impair brain function. These children are less likely to receive proper nutrition and immunisation.

Levels of stress in the family have also been shown to correlate with economic circumstances.Poor families experience much more stress than the middle class families. Besides this-Malnutrition, Health, Education, Economy and Society are five biggest ‘effects of poverty’, which has pushed the country back as compared to many emerging nations.

Control Measures of Problem of Poverty

In developing countries rich are becoming richer and poor are becoming poorer. Without the active cooperation of citizens and political leaders of the country, poverty cannot be eradicated from India. A conducive political and social atmosphere is a necessary condition for eradicating poverty from its root.In Order to combat this grave problem, first and foremost there should be a strict check on population increase.Creation of more employment opportunities, development of supporting occupations, family welfare programs, fixing minimum wages, better marketing facilities, prohibitions, social security scheme, land reforms, spread of education, elimination of black money, decentralisation of planning, minimum needs program, establishment of small scale industries, uplift of agriculture, helping women and youth to become self-reliant are some of the other ways to combat this problem.It is not due to lack of resources and technical assistance that we are failing in achieving our goal but more so due to lack of execution of these plans and programs.One should note that poverty is not a cause, but it is the result of various other problems, which need to be catered to alleviate the poverty.Poverty is not just economic upliftment of the masses, but it is also a social and political overtone, which is needed to be looked at, to make people socially and politically aware of the problems currently facing the country.

Questions Related Problem Of Poverty

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Speech on Children’s Day | Bal Divas Speech

The happiest phase of life is childhood. As we grow up we realise how challenging and complex the journey of life becomes. Oh! The days of childhood. The time when all we do is play, study, sleep, love our mother’s lap, eat whatever we like, with no obligation, no responsibility, no misunderstanding, no meeting the fast pace of life but just to cherish the all-loving-attention of everyone.But we all have that child rooted within our hearts, no matter how old we are. So to rejoice this child situated in our hearts, we celebrate Children’s Day.

Speech on Children’s Day or Bal Divas

Children’s day or Bal Divas is a day dedicated entirely to the tender and loving child within each individual. It is celebrated on 14th November each year. It’s the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru who was born on 14th November, 1889. Children’s day is celebrated with full enjoyment and enthusiasm in several schools and colleges.

Why Children’s Day Celebrated Speech

14th November marks the birthday of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He was born in Allahabad and became the first Prime Minister of Independent India. Nehruji adored children and took numerous steps towards child welfare. He focused on the rights, importance and proper care of children. He spread awareness about the primary education and prevented malnutrition by starting several welfare, nutrition and child development schemes in India. He exhilarated the right track for children since childhood so that they become an asset for the nation and live a successful and prosperous life. He was fond of children and never restrained himself from showing his unconditional love and value towards them. Nehruji well understood that the future of the nation lies in the small but powerful hands of these children.

Children too treasured his love and addressed him by calling “Chacha Nehru”. Children remember Chacha Nehru as a loving person dressed in white ethnic jacket (also called Nehru jacket), pant and kurta and white Gandhi topi (hat) and a rose in his pocket. They used to surround Chacha Nehru on different occasions and Nehruji too use to foster that love.So to cherish this sweet bond and love his birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day.

Speech How Children’s Day celebrated?

Different schools and colleges celebrate Children’s Day. From toddlers to elders, all enjoy the spark of this day. Various cultural and social functions are organised, teachers perform skits and plays, toffee, chocolates and gifts are distributed, outings and picnics are held, parties and fun activities take place and lots of dance and enjoyment is done. Each child is special in his own way and this message is spread across the nation. We all remember the unconditional love and affection of Nehruji.

Each child is jewel of the nation. Every child has the right to get education, love, food and shelter. If the upbringing of children is good, it is bound to take the society and nation towards growth and upliftment. Children Day teach us no matter how old you get, be young at heart. Never let the child within you die and embrace and nurture each sweet moment of life.

Laughing : Essay , Importance , IELTS Que Card , Speech

Laughter Is The Best Medicine

Essay on Laughing

Humor is contagious. The sound of a loud laughter is far more infectious than any cough, sneeze, or sniffle. When laughter is shared, it binds people collectively and increases cheerfulness and closeness. Laughter also activates healthy physical changes in the body. Humor and laughter build up your immune system, enhance your energy, reduces pain, and defend you from the harmful effects of tension. Best of all, this precious medicine is enjoyable, free, and simple to use.

Describe a person/something that made you laugh

Let me share with you a funny incident that took place a few days back and which actually made me learn an important thing in life.

It was a very mysterious and eerie night. I was passing down a road leading to my grandmother’s address I was unaccompanied, and very frightened. The breeze was whistling in the trees above my head. I even had the sense of hearing the cry of a night bird.

The street passed by a burial ground. At that time I recalled horror serials I had watched on the television. Those fearful stories and scary faces came into my mind. On the side of the path there was a thorny and spiky bush. It was so dark and shadowy that nothing was evident to the naked eye. As I came close to the thorny shrub I heard a stepping up thud. I was at my wit’s end. I knew that there was something inside the bush. Gathering all my courage, I took a step ahead. Yet again I heard the noise. There was something greyish black in that shrub. I went close to it and found that two huge eyes were watching me. The eyes were radiant in the dark. Visualise the state of my mind! I was rooted to the spot. I could neither go ahead nor reverse. I was very close to the burial ground where the ghosts come out of the graves in the hours of darkness and play with human skulls. Suddenly, there was an ear-piercing cry, and a gigantic grey figure jumped out of the bush and ran away.

The Funny Moment

“Aaaaaaaah …” I screamed. Seeing it properly I noticed it was a cow. I could breathe again, a cow after all… I laughed out loud for a long time. Tears streaming down my face, I struggled for breath. When I arrived at my grandmother’s house, I described the happening to my family. They felt it amusing as well.

What I Learned from the Incident

You guys would be wondering that how could I learn something valuable from this incident. But I would like to state that many people tend to keep these things a secret as they feel embarrassed. But what I have learned is that no matter how embarrassing the situation is you must feel free to share it with others. After I told everyone about it they laughed with me but not on me. And even if they did I felt good about it because I knew that the reason for their happiness and joy was me. Describe a funny moment with us in the comments below because – ‘A joy shared is a joy doubled’.

Questions On Laughing

• Describe a person/something that made you laugh
• Describe a person that made you laugh
• Describe something that made you laugh
• Essay on Laughing
• Importance of laughing
• Speech on laughing
• Describe a person/something that made you laugh IELTS Que Card

IELTS QUE CARD

Describe a person/something that made you laugh.

You should say:

• When this happened
• Where this happened
• Who were there
• And explain why you laughed